Aplicaciones y limitaciones de CRISPR-Cas9 en la terapia del cáncer de mama: Una revisión estructurada de la evidencia (2018-2026)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46502/issn.2710-995X/2026.14.04Palavras-chave:
CRISPR- CAS9, Cáncer de mama, Edición génica, Terapia, Medicina personalizada.Resumo
Esta revisión estructurada evaluó las aplicaciones biomédicas y las limitaciones del sistema CRISPR-Cas9 en el tratamiento del cáncer de mama. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda exhaustiva en PubMed de artículos publicados entre el 1 de enero de 2018 y el 27 de mayo de 2026, utilizando las palabras clave «CRISPR-Cas9», «Breast cancer» y «Clinical trial». El proceso de selección siguió dos etapas rigurosas con criterios de inclusión y exclusión predefinidos, analizando títulos, resúmenes y textos completos. Se identificaron doce estudios, ninguno de los cuales correspondía a ensayos clínicos en humanos. Sin embargo, las investigaciones preclínicas aportaron pruebas alentadoras, incluida la validación exitosa de nuevas dianas terapéuticas, la inhibición del crecimiento tumoral y estrategias para superar la resistencia a los fármacos. Estos hallazgos destacan el potencial de CRISPR-Cas9 como una herramienta poderosa para avanzar en la investigación del cáncer de mama y en futuras aplicaciones terapéuticas. No obstante, su traslación clínica sigue limitada por desafíos importantes, particularmente en lo que respecta a lograr una administración dirigida precisa, minimizar los efectos off-target y gestionar las respuestas inmunitarias. Superar estos obstáculos será esencial para materializar todo el potencial terapéutico de CRISPR-Cas9 en oncología.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Patricia Pozo Sanhueza, José Patricio Mondaca Muñoz, Paulo Alexander Diaz Aguirre, Julio César Escalona Arranz
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